Interpretaciones reales, no capturas de pantalla
Cinco outputs reales de SPSS, interpretados por completo con el mismo motor que obtienes al iniciar sesión — en tu idioma, con las tablas, listos para tu tesis.
Descriptives
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Skewness
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic
LS_Mean 400 1.20 5.00 3.5705 .73004 -.305 .122
IQ_Mean 400 1.40 5.00 3.6340 .70334 -.269 .122
TU_Mean 400 1.40 5.00 3.4800 .74255 -.157 .122
PI_Mean 400 1.50 5.00 3.2256 .76348 .027 .122
Valid N (listwise) 400
Descriptive Statistics
Skewness Kurtosis
Std. Error Statistic Std. Error
LS_Mean .122 -.235 .243
IQ_Mean .122 -.009 .243
TU_Mean .122 -.407 .243
PI_Mean .122 -.615 .243
Valid N (listwise)
Page 2- Estadísticas descriptivas (M, SD, mínimo, máximo, asimetría, curtosis)
- Evaluación de normalidad mediante asimetría y curtosis
Las variables fueron medidas en una escala Likert de 5 puntos con rango de 1 a 5. Se calcularon estadísticas descriptivas para las cuatro variables del estudio. IQ_Mean registró la media más alta (M = 3.63, SD = 0.70), seguida de LS_Mean (M = 3.57, SD = 0.73), TU_Mean (M = 3.48, SD = 0.74) y PI_Mean (M = 3.23, SD = 0.76), que registró la media más baja. Al aplicar los umbrales de interpretación de la escala de 5 puntos (2.34–3.66 = Moderado), las cuatro variables se ubicaron dentro del rango moderado, lo que indica un patrón de respuesta generalmente intermedio entre los participantes.
En cuanto a las propiedades distribucionales, todas las variables presentaron niveles aceptables de asimetría y curtosis. Los valores de asimetría oscilaron entre -0.305 (LS_Mean) y 0.027 (PI_Mean), todos dentro del umbral aceptable de |asimetría| < 2.0 (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2014). Los valores de curtosis oscilaron entre -0.615 (PI_Mean) y -0.009 (IQ_Mean), todos dentro del umbral aceptable de |curtosis| < 7.0 (Byrne, 2010). Estos resultados indicaron que los datos se aproximaban a una distribución normal y eran adecuados para los análisis paramétricos subsecuentes.
Tabla 1: Estadísticas Descriptivas
| Variable | M | SD | Mínimo | Máximo | Asimetría | Curtosis | Nivel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ_Mean | 3.63 | 0.70 | 1.40 | 5.00 | -0.269 | -0.009 | Moderado |
| LS_Mean | 3.57 | 0.73 | 1.20 | 5.00 | -0.305 | -0.235 | Moderado |
| TU_Mean | 3.48 | 0.74 | 1.40 | 5.00 | -0.157 | -0.407 | Moderado |
| PI_Mean | 3.23 | 0.76 | 1.50 | 5.00 | 0.027 | -0.615 | Moderado |
Nota. Las variables se ordenan de mayor a menor media. Rango de la escala: 1–5 (escala Likert de 5 puntos). Umbrales de interpretación: Bajo = 1.00–2.33, Moderado = 2.34–3.66, Alto = 3.67–5.00. Los valores de asimetría y curtosis dentro de los umbrales aceptables (|Asimetría| < 2.0, |Curtosis| < 7.0) indican normalidad aproximada.
Referencias
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
- Descriptive Statistics (M, SD, Min, Max, Skewness, Kurtosis)
- Normality assessment via skewness and kurtosis
The variables were measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Descriptive statistics were computed for all four study variables. IQ_Mean recorded the highest mean score (M = 3.63, SD = 0.70), followed by LS_Mean (M = 3.57, SD = 0.73), TU_Mean (M = 3.48, SD = 0.74), and PI_Mean (M = 3.23, SD = 0.76), which recorded the lowest mean score. Applying the 5-point scale interpretation thresholds (2.34–3.66 = Moderate), all four variables fell within the moderate range, indicating a generally mid-level response pattern across participants.
Regarding distributional properties, all variables demonstrated acceptable levels of skewness and kurtosis. Skewness values ranged from -0.305 (LS_Mean) to 0.027 (PI_Mean), all within the acceptable threshold of |skew| < 2.0 (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2014). Kurtosis values ranged from -0.615 (PI_Mean) to -0.009 (IQ_Mean), all well within the acceptable threshold of |kurt| < 7.0 (Byrne, 2010). These results indicated that the data approximated a normal distribution and were suitable for subsequent parametric analyses.
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
| Variable | M | SD | Min | Max | Skew | Kurt | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ_Mean | 3.63 | 0.70 | 1.40 | 5.00 | -0.269 | -0.009 | Moderate |
| LS_Mean | 3.57 | 0.73 | 1.20 | 5.00 | -0.305 | -0.235 | Moderate |
| TU_Mean | 3.48 | 0.74 | 1.40 | 5.00 | -0.157 | -0.407 | Moderate |
| PI_Mean | 3.23 | 0.76 | 1.50 | 5.00 | 0.027 | -0.615 | Moderate |
Note. Variables are ordered from highest to lowest mean. Scale range: 1–5 (5-point Likert scale). Interpretation thresholds: Low = 1.00–2.33, Moderate = 2.34–3.66, High = 3.67–5.00. Skewness and kurtosis within acceptable thresholds (|Skew| < 2.0, |Kurt| < 7.0) indicate approximate normality.
References
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
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