See Real Interpretations, Not Screenshots
Three representative SPSS outputs, interpreted in full. This is exactly what you get for your own output when you sign in.
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Skewness Kurtosis
Transformational_Leadership 287 1.00 5.00 3.87 0.68 -0.412 0.124
Psychological_Empowerment 287 1.00 5.00 3.71 0.72 -0.298 -0.085
Servant_Leadership 287 1.00 5.00 3.94 0.65 -0.523 0.287
Organizational_Commitment 287 1.00 5.00 3.58 0.81 -0.187 -0.342
Employee_Engagement 287 1.00 5.00 4.12 0.57 -0.645 0.541- Descriptive statistics (N, Min, Max, Mean, Std. Deviation, Skewness, Kurtosis)
- Normality assessment via skewness and kurtosis thresholds
Descriptive statistics for the five primary study variables are presented in Table 1 (N = 287). Variables were measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Mean scores ranged from 3.58 (Organizational Commitment) to 4.12 (Employee Engagement), indicating that participants reported moderate-to-high levels across all constructs. Standard deviations ranged from 0.57 to 0.81, suggesting reasonable variability in responses without extreme dispersion.
All skewness values fell within the range of -0.645 to -0.187, and all kurtosis values fell within -0.342 to 0.541. These values are well within the conservative thresholds of |skewness| < 2.0 (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2014) and |kurtosis| < 7.0 (Byrne, 2010), indicating that each variable approximates a normal distribution and is suitable for parametric analysis. Employee Engagement emerged as the highest-rated construct (M = 4.12, SD = 0.57), while Organizational Commitment showed the lowest mean (M = 3.58, SD = 0.81), suggesting that while participants were highly engaged, their affective commitment to the organization was somewhat more variable.
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics for Primary Study Variables
| Variable | N | Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employee Engagement | 287 | 4.12 | 0.57 | -0.645 | 0.541 |
| Servant Leadership | 287 | 3.94 | 0.65 | -0.523 | 0.287 |
| Transformational Leadership | 287 | 3.87 | 0.68 | -0.412 | 0.124 |
| Psychological Empowerment | 287 | 3.71 | 0.72 | -0.298 | -0.085 |
| Organizational Commitment | 287 | 3.58 | 0.81 | -0.187 | -0.342 |
Note. N = 287. Variables measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Variables ordered by mean (descending). |Skewness| < 2.0 (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2014) and |Kurtosis| < 7.0 (Byrne, 2010) indicate acceptable normality.
References
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2014). Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences (8th ed.). Wadsworth.
Interpret your own SPSS output
Sign in with Google to paste your SPSS output and get thesis-ready APA results in 30 seconds.